Comparative analysis on environmental and economic performance of agricultural cooperatives and smallholder farmers: The case of grape production in Hebei, China

• Lei Deng ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: dengleibwu@126.com

  Affiliation School of Information, Beijing Wuzi University, Beijing, China

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8695-534X

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• Lei Chen,

  Roles Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Project administration

  Affiliation School of Information, Beijing Wuzi University, Beijing, China

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• Jingjie Zhao,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Beijing Municipal Tax Service, State Taxation Administration, Beijing, China, Chinese Academy of Fiscal Sciences, Beijing, China

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• Ruimei Wang

  Roles Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Project administration

  Affiliation College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China

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