The duration of antibiotic treatment is associated with carriage of toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains of Clostridioides difficile in dogs

• Carolina Albuquerque,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Davide Pagnossin,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Veterinary Pathology, Public Health and Disease Investigation, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Kirsten Landsgaard,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Current address: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America

  Affiliation Veterinary Pathology, Public Health and Disease Investigation, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1569-3519

  ⨯
• Jessica Simpson,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4769-2940

  ⨯
• Derek Brown,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Scottish Microbiology Reference Laboratories, Glasgow, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• June Irvine,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Denise Candlish,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Alison E. Ridyard,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Gillian Douce ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: Caroline.Millins@Liverpool.ac.uk (CM); Gillian.Douce@Glasgow.ac.uk (GD)

  Affiliation Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Caroline Millins

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: Caroline.Millins@Liverpool.ac.uk (CM); Gillian.Douce@Glasgow.ac.uk (GD)

  Current address: Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

  Affiliations Veterinary Pathology, Public Health and Disease Investigation, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2006-092X

  ⨯