Racial and geographic variation in effects of maternal education and neighborhood-level measures of socioeconomic status on gestational age at birth: Findings from the ECHO cohorts

• Anne L. Dunlop ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: amlang@emory.edu

  Affiliation Woodruff Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine and Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5092-8136

  ⨯
• Alicynne Glazier Essalmi,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5441-1556

  ⨯
• Lyndsay Alvalos,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Carrie Breton,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Carlos A. Camargo,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Whitney J. Cowell,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1824-3356

  ⨯
• Dana Dabelea,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America

  ⨯
• Stephen R. Dager,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Radiology and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

  ⨯
• Cristiane Duarte,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

  ⨯
• Amy Elliott,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Avera Research Institute Center for Pediatric & Community Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America

  ⨯
• Raina Fichorova,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• James Gern,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

  ⨯
• Monique M. Hedderson,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Elizabeth Hom Thepaksorn,

  Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Kathi Huddleston,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America

  ⨯
• Margaret R. Karagas,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America

  ⨯
• Ken Kleinman,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Leslie Leve,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3061-4524

  ⨯
• Ximin Li,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland United States of America

  ⨯
• Yijun Li,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland United States of America

  ⨯
• Augusto Litonjua,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Golisano Children’s Hospital at Strong, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America

  ⨯
• Yunin Ludena-Rodriguez,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Juliette C. Madan,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America

  ⨯
• Julio Mateus Nino,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-4807

  ⨯
• Cynthia McEvoy,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Neonatal, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America

  ⨯
• Thomas G. O’Connor,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America

  ⨯
• Amy M. Padula,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Nigel Paneth,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America

  ⨯
• Frederica Perera,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

  ⨯
• Sheela Sathyanarayana,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington & Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

  ⨯
• Rebecca J. Schmidt,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Robert T. Schultz,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  ⨯
• Jessica Snowden,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America

  ⨯
• Joseph B. Stanford,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Family Preventative Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9932-3947

  ⨯
• Leonardo Trasande,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America

  ⨯
• Heather E. Volk,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland United States of America

  ⨯
• William Wheaton,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Science and Technology Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America

  ⨯
• Rosalind J. Wright,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America

  ⨯
• Monica McGrath,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland United States of America

  ⨯
•  [ ... ],
• on behalf of program collaborators for Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes

  ¶The program collaborators for Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes is provided in the Acknowledgments section.

  ⨯
• [ view all ]
• [ view less ]