Causal relations of health indices inferred statistically using the DirectLiNGAM algorithm from big data of Osaka prefecture health checkups

• Jun’ichi Kotoku ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: kotoku@med.teikyo-u.ac.jp

  Affiliations Graduate School of Medical Care and Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan, Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5233-6003

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• Asuka Oyama,

  Roles Investigation, Software, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Graduate School of Medical Care and Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan

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• Kanako Kitazumi,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation

  Affiliation Graduate School of Medical Care and Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan

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• Hiroshi Toki,

  Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

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• Akihiro Haga,

  Roles Data curation

  Affiliations Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan

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• Ryohei Yamamoto,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

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• Maki Shinzawa,

  Roles Validation

  Affiliation Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

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• Miyae Yamakawa,

  Roles Validation

  Affiliation Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

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• Sakiko Fukui,

  Roles Validation

  Affiliation Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

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• Keiichi Yamamoto,

  Roles Validation

  Affiliations Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, Department of Medical Informatics, Wakayama Medical University Hospital, Wakayama, Japan

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• Toshiki Moriyama

  Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision

  Affiliation Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

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