False-negative results of initial RT-PCR assays for COVID-19: A systematic review

• Ingrid Arevalo-Rodriguez ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: ingrid.arevalo@salud.madrid.org

  Affiliations Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal- IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7326-4504

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• Diana Buitrago-Garcia,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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• Daniel Simancas-Racines,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud “Eugenio Espejo”, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador

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• Paula Zambrano-Achig,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain

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• Rosa Del Campo,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain

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• Agustin Ciapponi,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6122

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• Omar Sued,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Fundación Huésped, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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• Laura Martinez-García,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain, Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain

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• Anne W. Rutjes,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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• Nicola Low,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4817-8986

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• Patrick M. Bossuyt,

  Roles Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4427-0128

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• Jose A. Perez-Molina,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Infectious Diseases Department, National Referral Centre for Tropical Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain

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• Javier Zamora

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal- IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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