Is “no test is better than a bad test”? Impact of diagnostic uncertainty in mass testing on the spread of COVID-19

• Nicholas Gray ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Nicholas Gray, Dominic Calleja, Alexander Wimbush

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: nickgray@liverpool.ac.uk, COVID19@riskinstitute.uk

  Affiliation Institute for Risk and Uncertainty, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0930-4575

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• Dominic Calleja ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Nicholas Gray, Dominic Calleja, Alexander Wimbush

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for Risk and Uncertainty, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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• Alexander Wimbush ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Nicholas Gray, Dominic Calleja, Alexander Wimbush

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for Risk and Uncertainty, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1719-7124

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• Enrique Miralles-Dolz,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for Risk and Uncertainty, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2135-6084

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• Ander Gray,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for Risk and Uncertainty, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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• Marco De Angelis,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for Risk and Uncertainty, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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• Elfriede Derrer-Merk,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for Risk and Uncertainty, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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• Bright Uchenna Oparaji,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for Risk and Uncertainty, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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• Vladimir Stepanov,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for Risk and Uncertainty, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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• Louis Clearkin,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Wirral & Liverpool University Teaching Hospitals, Birkenhead, United Kingdom

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• Scott Ferson

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for Risk and Uncertainty, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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