Effect size estimates from umbrella designs: Handling patients with a positive test result for multiple biomarkers using random or pragmatic subtrial allocation

• Miriam Kesselmeier ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Miriam Kesselmeier, Norbert Benda, André Scherag

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: miriam.kesselmeier@med.uni-jena.de

  Affiliations Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany, Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6462-2579

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• Norbert Benda ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Miriam Kesselmeier, Norbert Benda, André Scherag

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Research Department, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Bonn, Germany, Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

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• André Scherag

  Contributed equally to this work with: Miriam Kesselmeier, Norbert Benda, André Scherag

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany

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