What is meant by validity in maternal and newborn health measurement? A conceptual framework for understanding indicator validation

• Lenka Benova ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: LBenova@itg.be

  Affiliations Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8595-365X

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• Ann-Beth Moller,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3581-0938

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• Kathleen Hill,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Maternal Child Survival Program, Jhpiego, Washington, DC, United States of America

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• Lara M. E. Vaz,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Population Reference Bureau, Washington, DC, United States of America

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• Alison Morgan,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

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• Claudia Hanson,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8066-7873

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• Katherine Semrau,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Global Health Equity Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, Ariadne Labs, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

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• Shams Al Arifeen,

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh

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• Allisyn C. Moran

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

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