The Virtual Operative Assistant: An explainable artificial intelligence tool for simulation-based training in surgery and medicine

• Nykan Mirchi ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: nykan.mirchi@mail.mcgill.ca

  Affiliation Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Simulation & Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3742-4611

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• Vincent Bissonnette,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Simulation & Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

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• Recai Yilmaz,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Simulation & Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

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• Nicole Ledwos,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Simulation & Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

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• Alexander Winkler-Schwartz,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Simulation & Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

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• Rolando F. Del Maestro

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Simulation & Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

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