Motility enhancement of human spermatozoa using electrical stimulation in the nano-Ampere range with enzymatic biofuel cells

• Tai Eun Shin ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Tai Eun Shin, Jin Woo Park, Won-Yong Jeon

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation

  ¶‡ These authors are first authors on this work.

  Affiliation CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, Jung-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

  ⨯
• Jin Woo Park ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Tai Eun Shin, Jin Woo Park, Won-Yong Jeon

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology

  ¶‡ These authors are first authors on this work.

  Affiliation CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, Jung-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

  ⨯
• Won-Yong Jeon ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Tai Eun Shin, Jin Woo Park, Won-Yong Jeon

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  ¶‡ These authors are first authors on this work.

  Affiliations Department of Chemistry, College of Advanced Science, Dankook University, Anseo-dong, Cheonan, Republic of Korea, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea

  ⨯
• Eun Ji Lee,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation

  Affiliation CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, Jung-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

  ⨯
• Hyojeong Kwon,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, Jung-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

  ⨯
• Boyoung Jeon,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, Jung-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

  ⨯
• Hyo Eun Kang,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation

  Affiliation CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, Jung-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

  ⨯
• Myung Joo Kim,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, Jung-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

  ⨯
• Dae Keun Kim,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Urology, CHA Fertility Center, Seoul Station, CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3237-6304

  ⨯
• Hyug-Han Kim ,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: jaeho@cha.ac.kr(JHL); highko@cha.ac.kr(JJK); hhkim@dankook.ac.kr(HHK)

  Affiliation Department of Chemistry, College of Advanced Science, Dankook University, Anseo-dong, Cheonan, Republic of Korea

  ⨯
• Jung Jae Ko ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: jaeho@cha.ac.kr(JHL); highko@cha.ac.kr(JJK); hhkim@dankook.ac.kr(HHK)

  Affiliation Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pochen, Gyounggi-do, Republic of Korea

  ⨯
• Jae Ho Lee

  Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: jaeho@cha.ac.kr(JHL); highko@cha.ac.kr(JJK); hhkim@dankook.ac.kr(HHK)

  Affiliations CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, Jung-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pochen, Gyounggi-do, Republic of Korea

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8735-444X

  ⨯