Do protection gradients explain patterns in herbivore densities? An example with ungulates in Zambia’s Luangwa Valley

• Elias Rosenblatt ,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: erosenbl@uvm.edu

  Current address: Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America

  Affiliations Zambian Carnivore Programme, Mfuwe, Eastern Province, Zambia, Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7241-2109

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• Scott Creel,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Zambian Carnivore Programme, Mfuwe, Eastern Province, Zambia, Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America

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• Paul Schuette,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Zambian Carnivore Programme, Mfuwe, Eastern Province, Zambia, Alaska Center for Conservation Science, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America

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• Matthew S. Becker,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Zambian Carnivore Programme, Mfuwe, Eastern Province, Zambia, Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America

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• David Christianson,

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Zambian Carnivore Programme, Mfuwe, Eastern Province, Zambia, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America

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• Egil Dröge,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, University of Oxford, Tubney, United Kingdom

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• Thandiwe Mweetwa,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Zambian Carnivore Programme, Mfuwe, Eastern Province, Zambia

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• Henry Mwape,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Zambian Carnivore Programme, Mfuwe, Eastern Province, Zambia

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• Johnathan Merkle,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Zambian Carnivore Programme, Mfuwe, Eastern Province, Zambia

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• Jassiel M’soka,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Zambian Carnivore Programme, Mfuwe, Eastern Province, Zambia

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• Jones Masonde,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Chilanga, Zambia

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• Twakundine Simpamba

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Chilanga, Zambia

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