Adjusting for spatial variation when assessing individual-level risk: A case-study in the epidemiology of snake-bite in Sri Lanka

• Dileepa Senajith Ediriweera ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: dileepa@kln.ac.lk

  Affiliation Centre for Health Informatics, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5679-2893

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• Anuradhani Kasthuriratne ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Anuradhani Kasthuriratne, Arunasalam Pathmeswaran, Nipul Kithsiri Gunawardene, Shaluka Francis Jayamanne, David Griffith Lalloo, Hithanadura Janaka de Silva

  Roles Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka

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• Arunasalam Pathmeswaran ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Anuradhani Kasthuriratne, Arunasalam Pathmeswaran, Nipul Kithsiri Gunawardene, Shaluka Francis Jayamanne, David Griffith Lalloo, Hithanadura Janaka de Silva

  Roles Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka

  ⨯
• Nipul Kithsiri Gunawardene ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Anuradhani Kasthuriratne, Arunasalam Pathmeswaran, Nipul Kithsiri Gunawardene, Shaluka Francis Jayamanne, David Griffith Lalloo, Hithanadura Janaka de Silva

  Roles Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka

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• Shaluka Francis Jayamanne ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Anuradhani Kasthuriratne, Arunasalam Pathmeswaran, Nipul Kithsiri Gunawardene, Shaluka Francis Jayamanne, David Griffith Lalloo, Hithanadura Janaka de Silva

  Roles Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka

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• Kris Murray ,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliations Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, London, United Kingdom, Grantham Institute—Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom

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• Takuya Iwamura ,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

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• David Griffith Lalloo ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Anuradhani Kasthuriratne, Arunasalam Pathmeswaran, Nipul Kithsiri Gunawardene, Shaluka Francis Jayamanne, David Griffith Lalloo, Hithanadura Janaka de Silva

  Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7680-2200

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• Hithanadura Janaka de Silva ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Anuradhani Kasthuriratne, Arunasalam Pathmeswaran, Nipul Kithsiri Gunawardene, Shaluka Francis Jayamanne, David Griffith Lalloo, Hithanadura Janaka de Silva

  Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka

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• Peter John Diggle

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation CHICAS, Lancaster University Medical School, Lancaster, United Kingdom

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