Valid group comparisons can be made with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): A measurement invariance study across groups by demographic characteristics

• David Villarreal-Zegarra ,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: davidvillarreal@ipops.pe

  Affiliations Instituto Peruano de Orientación Psicológica, Lima, Peru, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2222-4764

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• Anthony Copez-Lonzoy,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Instituto Peruano de Orientación Psicológica, Lima, Peru, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru, Asociación Peruana de Profesionales de las Adicciones, Lima, Peru

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4761-4272

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• Antonio Bernabé-Ortiz,

  Roles Data curation, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru

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• G. J. Melendez-Torres,

  Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Peninsula Technology Assessment Group, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

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• Juan Carlos Bazo-Alvarez

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Católica Los Ángeles de Chimbote, Chimbote, Peru, Methodology Research Group, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom, PSYCOPERU Peruvian Research Institute of Educational and Social Psychology, Lima, Peru

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