Annual growth cycle observation, hybridization and forcing culture for improving the ornamental application of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. in the low-latitude regions

• Jiaping Zhang ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ JZ and DZ are co-first authors on this work. JB, XS, DH, YX also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China

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• Dong Zhang ,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation

  ¶‡ JZ and DZ are co-first authors on this work. JB, XS, DH, YX also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China

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• Jianfen Wei ,

  Roles Investigation, Resources

  ¶‡ JZ and DZ are co-first authors on this work. JB, XS, DH, YX also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Research & Development Center, Hangzhou Landscaping Incorporated, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China

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• Xiaohua Shi ,

  Roles Investigation

  ¶‡ JZ and DZ are co-first authors on this work. JB, XS, DH, YX also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Research & Development Centre of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China

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• Huaqiao Ding,

  Roles Resources

  Affiliation Research & Development Centre of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China

  ⨯
• Shuai Qiu,

  Roles Investigation, Resources

  Affiliation Research & Development Center, Hangzhou Landscaping Incorporated, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China

  ⨯
• Juan Guo,

  Roles Resources

  Affiliation Research & Development Center, Hangzhou Landscaping Incorporated, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China

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• Danqin Li,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China

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• Kaiyuan Zhu,

  Roles Resources

  Affiliation Research & Development Centre of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China

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• David P. Horvath ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: ypxia@zju.edu.cn (YX); david.horvath@ars.usda.gov (DH)

  ¶‡ JZ and DZ are co-first authors on this work. JB, XS, DH, YX also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Sunflower and Plant Biology Research, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America

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• Yiping Xia

  Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Resources, Supervision

  * E-mail: ypxia@zju.edu.cn (YX); david.horvath@ars.usda.gov (DH)

  ¶‡ JZ and DZ are co-first authors on this work. JB, XS, DH, YX also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1000-4542

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