Selection and co-selection of antibiotic resistances among Escherichia coli by antibiotic use in primary care: An ecological analysis

• Koen B. Pouwels ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: k.b.pouwels@gmail.com

  Affiliations Modelling and Economics Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom, Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Health Sciences, Global Health, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7097-8950

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• Berit Muller-Pebody,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Healthcare-Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Division, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8874-480X

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• Timo Smieszek,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Modelling and Economics Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom, MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom

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• Susan Hopkins,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Healthcare-Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Division, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom, NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at University of Oxford in partnership with Public Health England, Oxford, United Kingdom, Directorate of Infection, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5179-5702

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• Julie V. Robotham

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Modelling and Economics Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom, NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at University of Oxford in partnership with Public Health England, Oxford, United Kingdom

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