Individual and environmental risk factors associated with fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations in zoo-housed Asian and African elephants

• Janine L. Brown ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Janine L. Brown, Kathy Carlstead, Jessica D. Bray

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: brownjan@si.edu

  Affiliation Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3898-7755

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• Kathy Carlstead ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Janine L. Brown, Kathy Carlstead, Jessica D. Bray

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, United States of America

  ⨯
• Jessica D. Bray ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Janine L. Brown, Kathy Carlstead, Jessica D. Bray

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliations Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, United States of America, Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America

  ⨯
• David Dickey ,

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Supervision

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America

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• Charlotte Farin ,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America

  ⨯
• Kimberly Ange-van Heugten

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America

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