Determinants and efficiency of Pakistan’s chemical products’ exports: An application of stochastic frontier gravity model

• Rao Muhammad Atif ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Rao Muhammad Atif, Haider Mahmood

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Validation, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Economics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan

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• Haider Mahmood ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Rao Muhammad Atif, Haider Mahmood

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Finance, College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6474-4338

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• Liu Haiyun ,

  Roles Supervision

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation School of Economics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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• Haiou Mao

  Roles Methodology, Project administration

  * E-mail: maohaiou77@163.com

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation China Institute of Boundary and Ocean Studies in Wuhan University, School of Political Science and Public Administration Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

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