The association between environmental factors and the development of Crohn’s disease with focusing on passive smoking: A multicenter case-control study in Japan

• Kyoko Kondo ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: kyou@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp

  Affiliation Osaka City University Hospital Administration Division, Osaka, Japan

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• Satoko Ohfuji,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Public Health, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

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• Kenji Watanabe,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Intestinal Inflammation Research, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan, Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

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• Hirokazu Yamagami,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

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• Wakaba Fukushima,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Public Health, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

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• Kazuya Ito,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Software, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Public Health, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

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• Yasuo Suzuki,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan

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• Yoshio Hirota,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation College of Healthcare Management, Fukuoka, Japan

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• for the Japanese Case-Control Study Group for Crohn's disease

  ¶Membership of the Japanese Case-Control Study Group for Crohn's disease is provided in the Acknowledgments.

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