Do topography and fruit presence influence occurrence and intensity of crop-raiding by forest elephants (Loxodonta africana cyclotis)?

• Steeve Ngama ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: steeve_ngama@yahoo.fr

  Affiliations TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Forest Is Life, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium, Laboratoire de santé et production animale, Département de Zootechnie, Institut de Recherches Agronomiques et Forestières, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRAF-CENAREST), Libreville, Gabon, AgroBioChem/TERRA, Precision livestock and nutrition unit/Agriculture Is Life, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9473-1714

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• Jerome Bindelle,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation AgroBioChem/TERRA, Precision livestock and nutrition unit/Agriculture Is Life, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium

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• John R. Poulsen,

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

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• Jean-Luck Hornick,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Fundamental and Applied Research on Animal and Health, Animal Production Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium

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• Annick Linden,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Surveillance Network of Wildlife Diseases in Southern Belgium, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liege, Belgium

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• Lisa Korte,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Independent Biodiversity and Natural Resources Specialist, Saint Cloud, MN, United States of America

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• Jean-Louis Doucet,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Forest Is Life, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium

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• Cédric Vermeulen

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Forest Is Life, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium

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