Optical tweezers as an effective tool for spermatozoa isolation from mixed forensic samples

• Nicole Auka ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Nicole Auka, Michael Valle

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America

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• Michael Valle ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Nicole Auka, Michael Valle

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America

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• Bobby D. Cox,

  Roles Data curation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7167-530X

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• Peter D. Wilkerson,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America

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• Tracey Dawson Cruz,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America

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• Joseph E. Reiner ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: jereiner@vcu.edu (JER); sseashols@vcu.edu (SJSW)

  Affiliation Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America

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• Sarah J. Seashols-Williams

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: jereiner@vcu.edu (JER); sseashols@vcu.edu (SJSW)

  Affiliation Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0093-8261

  ⨯