Investigating the cultural and contextual determinants of antimicrobial stewardship programmes across low-, middle- and high-income countries—A qualitative study

• Esmita Charani ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: e.charani@imperial.ac.uk

  Affiliation NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5938-1202

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• Ingrid Smith,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Validation

  Affiliation Department of Essential medicines and Health Products, World health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

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• Brita Skodvin,

  Roles Formal analysis, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Norwegian advisory unit for Antibiotic use in Hospitals, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway

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• Anne Perozziello,

  Roles Formal analysis, Validation

  Affiliation Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Infection Control Unit, Paris, France

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• Jean-Christophe Lucet,

  Roles Formal analysis, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Infection Control Unit, Paris, France, IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France

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• François-Xavier Lescure,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Infection Control Unit, Paris, France, IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France

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• Gabriel Birgand,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

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• Armel Poda,

  Roles Formal analysis, Validation

  Affiliation School of Medicine, University Hospital Souro Sanou, University of Bobo Dioulasso, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

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• Raheelah Ahmad,

  Roles Methodology

  Affiliation NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

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• Sanjeev Singh,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita University, Kerala, India

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• Alison Helen Holmes

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

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