Loss of intra-islet heparan sulfate is a highly sensitive marker of type 1 diabetes progression in humans

• Charmaine J. Simeonovic ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: Charmaine.Simeonovic@anu.edu.au

  Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7161-5825

  ⨯
• Sarah K. Popp,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology

  Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

  ⨯
• Lora M. Starrs,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology

  Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

  ⨯
• Debra J. Brown,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology

  Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

  ⨯
• Andrew F. Ziolkowski,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Current address: Department of Molecular Medicine, The John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

  Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

  ⨯
• Barbara Ludwig,

  Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine III, Carl Gustav Carus Medical School, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany

  ⨯
• Stefan R. Bornstein,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine III, Carl Gustav Carus Medical School, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany

  ⨯
• J. Dennis Wilson,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Endocrinology, The Canberra Hospital, Woden, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

  ⨯
• Alberto Pugliese,

  Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Diabetes Research Institute, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America

  ⨯
• Thomas W. H. Kay,

  Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

  ⨯
• Helen E. Thomas,

  Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

  ⨯
• Thomas Loudovaris,

  Roles Methodology, Resources

  Affiliation St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

  ⨯
• Fui Jiun Choong,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

  ⨯
• Craig Freeman,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

  ⨯
• Christopher R. Parish

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

  ⨯