New evidence showing that the destruction of gut bacteria by antibiotic treatment could increase the honey bee’s vulnerability to Nosema infection

• Jiang Hong Li,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – original draft

  Affiliations USDA-ARS Bee research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States of America, College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2107-0414

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• Jay D. Evans,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation USDA-ARS Bee research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States of America

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• Wen Feng Li,

  Roles Data curation, Visualization

  Affiliation USDA-ARS Bee research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States of America

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• Ya Zhou Zhao,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China

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• Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation USDA-ARS Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, Tucson, AZ, United States of America

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• Shao Kang Huang,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis

  Affiliation College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China

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• Zhi Guo Li,

  Roles Formal analysis

  Affiliation College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China

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• Michele Hamilton,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation USDA-ARS Bee research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States of America

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• Yan Ping Chen

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: judy.chen@ars.usda.gov

  Affiliation USDA-ARS Bee research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States of America

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