The phosphodiesterase inhibitor, ibudilast, attenuates neuroinflammation in the MPTP model of Parkinson’s disease

• Joanna Schwenkgrub ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Joanna Schwenkgrub, Malgorzata Zaremba

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

  Current address: Unité de Neuroscience, Information et Complexité (UNIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

  Affiliation Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

  ⨯
• Malgorzata Zaremba ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Joanna Schwenkgrub, Malgorzata Zaremba

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – original draft

  * E-mail: mzaremba@wum.edu.pl

  Current address: Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  Affiliations Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Small Animals, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAS, Warsaw, Poland

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3151-8841

  ⨯
• Ilona Joniec-Maciejak,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology

  Affiliation Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

  ⨯
• Agnieszka Cudna,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology

  Affiliations Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland

  ⨯
• Dagmara Mirowska-Guzel,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Resources, Supervision

  Affiliation Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

  ⨯
• Iwona Kurkowska-Jastrzębska

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland

  ⨯