A versatile and low-cost open source pipetting robot for automation of toxicological and ecotoxicological bioassays

• Sebastian Steffens ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Sebastian Steffens, Leonie Nüßer

  ¶‡ These authors share first authorship on this work.

  Affiliation Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute of Environmental Research, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

  ⨯
• Leonie Nüßer ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Sebastian Steffens, Leonie Nüßer

  ¶‡ These authors share first authorship on this work.

  Affiliation Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute of Environmental Research, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

  ⨯
• Thomas-Benjamin Seiler,

  Affiliation Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute of Environmental Research, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

  ⨯
• Nadine Ruchter,

  Affiliation Aquatic Ecology and Centre of Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

  ⨯
• Mark Schumann,

  Affiliation Aquatic Ecology and Centre of Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

  ⨯
• Ricarda Döring,

  Affiliation Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

  ⨯
• Catrina Cofalla,

  Affiliation Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

  ⨯
• Avi Ostfeld,

  Affiliation Environmental, Water and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

  ⨯
• Elad Salomons,

  Affiliation OptiWater, Haifa, Israel

  ⨯
• Holger Schüttrumpf,

  Affiliation Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

  ⨯
• Henner Hollert,

  Affiliations Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute of Environmental Research, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

  ⨯
• Markus Brinkmann

  * E-mail: markus.brinkmann@usask.ca

  Current address: School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada

  Affiliation Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute of Environmental Research, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4985-263X

  ⨯