Effects of GnRH vaccination in wild and captive African Elephant bulls (Loxodonta africana) on reproductive organs and semen quality

• Imke Lueders ,

  * E-mail: imke.lueders@geolifes.com

  Affiliations GEOlifes-Animal Fertility and Reproductive Research, Frohmestr. 7, Hamburg, Germany, Endocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3508-0066

  ⨯
• Debbie Young,

  Affiliation African Elephant Research Unit, Plettenberg Bay, South Africa

  ⨯
• Liana Maree,

  Affiliations Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa, Department of Research and Scientific Services, National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa

  ⨯
• Gerhard van der Horst,

  Affiliations Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa, Department of Research and Scientific Services, National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa

  ⨯
• Ilse Luther,

  Affiliations Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa, Department of Research and Scientific Services, National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa

  ⨯
• Stephan Botha,

  Affiliation African Lion Safari, Cambridge, ON, Canada

  ⨯
• Brendan Tindall,

  Affiliation Robberg Veterinary Clinic, 56 Longships, Plettenberg Bay, South Africa

  ⨯
• Geoffrey Fosgate,

  Affiliation Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa

  ⨯
• André Ganswindt,

  Affiliation Endocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa

  ⨯
• Henk J. Bertschinger

  Affiliation Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa

  ⨯