Visit-to-visit glycemic variability is a strong predictor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Competing risk analysis using a national cohort from the Taiwan diabetes study

• Hsien-Tsai Chiu ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Hsien-Tsai Chiu, Tsai-Chung Li

  Affiliations Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Clinical Research Outcome and Training Center, Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

  ⨯
• Tsai-Chung Li ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Hsien-Tsai Chiu, Tsai-Chung Li

  Affiliations Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan

  ⨯
• Chia-Ing Li,

  Affiliations School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

  ⨯
• Chiu-Shong Liu,

  Affiliations School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

  ⨯
• Wen-Yuan Lin,

  Affiliations School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

  ⨯
• Cheng-Chieh Lin

  * E-mail: cclin@mail.cmuh.org.tw

  Affiliations School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

  ⨯