What are farmers really planting? Measuring the presence and effectiveness of Bt cotton in Pakistan

• David J. Spielman ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: David J. Spielman, Fatima Zaidi, Patricia Zambrano, Asif Ali Khan, Shaukat Ali, H. Masooma Naseer Cheema

  * E-mail: d.spielman@cgiar.org

  Affiliation Environment and Production Technology Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6889-7358

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• Fatima Zaidi ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: David J. Spielman, Fatima Zaidi, Patricia Zambrano, Asif Ali Khan, Shaukat Ali, H. Masooma Naseer Cheema

  Affiliation Environment and Production Technology Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America

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• Patricia Zambrano ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: David J. Spielman, Fatima Zaidi, Patricia Zambrano, Asif Ali Khan, Shaukat Ali, H. Masooma Naseer Cheema

  Affiliation Environment and Production Technology Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America

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• Asif Ali Khan ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: David J. Spielman, Fatima Zaidi, Patricia Zambrano, Asif Ali Khan, Shaukat Ali, H. Masooma Naseer Cheema

  Affiliations Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan, Office of Research, Innovation and Commercialization, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

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• Shaukat Ali ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: David J. Spielman, Fatima Zaidi, Patricia Zambrano, Asif Ali Khan, Shaukat Ali, H. Masooma Naseer Cheema

  Affiliation National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan

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• H. Masooma Naseer Cheema ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: David J. Spielman, Fatima Zaidi, Patricia Zambrano, Asif Ali Khan, Shaukat Ali, H. Masooma Naseer Cheema

  Affiliation Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

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• Hina Nazli ,

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Pakistan Strategy Support Program, International Food Policy Research Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan

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• Rao Sohail Ahmad Khan ,

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

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• Arshad Iqbal ,

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan

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• Muhammad Amir Zia ,

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan

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• Ghulam Muhammad Ali

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan

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