Symptomatic spinal metastasis: A systematic literature review of the preoperative prognostic factors for survival, neurological, functional and quality of life in surgically treated patients and methodological recommendations for prognostic studies

• Anick Nater,

  Affiliation Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  ⨯
• Allan R. Martin,

  Affiliation Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  ⨯
• Arjun Sahgal,

  Affiliation Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada

  ⨯
• David Choi,

  Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, and Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Michael G. Fehlings

  * E-mail: michael.fehlings@uhn.ca

  Affiliations Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5722-6364

  ⨯