Benefits and unintended consequences of antimicrobial de-escalation: Implications for stewardship programs

• Josie Hughes ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Josie Hughes, Xi Huo

  Affiliation Centre for Disease Modelling, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7875-9015

  ⨯
• Xi Huo ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Josie Hughes, Xi Huo

  Affiliations Centre for Disease Modelling, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Mathematics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  ⨯
• Lindsey Falk,

  Current address: Health Quality Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  Affiliation Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9671-4045

  ⨯
• Amy Hurford,

  Affiliation Department of Biology and Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada

  ⨯
• Kunquan Lan,

  Affiliation Department of Mathematics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  ⨯
• Bryan Coburn,

  Affiliations Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Medicine, Sinai Health System & University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  ⨯
• Andrew Morris ,

  * E-mail: Andrew.Morris@sinaihealthsystem.ca (AM); wujh@yorku.ca (JW)

  Affiliations Department of Medicine, Sinai Health System & University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  ⨯
• Jianhong Wu

  * E-mail: Andrew.Morris@sinaihealthsystem.ca (AM); wujh@yorku.ca (JW)

  Affiliation Centre for Disease Modelling, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  ⨯