Substrate Stiffness Controls Osteoblastic and Chondrocytic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells without Exogenous Stimuli

• Rene Olivares-Navarrete ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Rene Olivares-Navarrete, Erin M. Lee, Kathryn Smith

  Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America

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• Erin M. Lee ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Rene Olivares-Navarrete, Erin M. Lee, Kathryn Smith

  Affiliation Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

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• Kathryn Smith ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Rene Olivares-Navarrete, Erin M. Lee, Kathryn Smith

  Affiliation Medshape, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

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• Sharon L. Hyzy,

  Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America

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• Maryam Doroudi,

  Affiliation School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

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• Joseph K. Williams,

  Affiliation Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

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• Ken Gall,

  Affiliations Medshape, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

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• Barbara D. Boyan ,

  * E-mail: bboyan@vcu.edu

  Affiliations Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

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• Zvi Schwartz

  Affiliations Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America, Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America

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