Effects of Wintering Environment and Parasite–Pathogen Interactions on Honey Bee Colony Loss in North Temperate Regions

Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Suresh D. Desai ,

* E-mail: suresh.desai@umanitoba.ca

Affiliation Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6487-6031

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Robert W. Currie

Affiliation Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
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Spring
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Bees
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Honey bees
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Mites
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Viral pathogens
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Parasitic diseases
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Colony collapse
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Nosema
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