Metabolites of the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Phenanthrene in the Urine of Cigarette Smokers from Five Ethnic Groups with Differing Risks for Lung Cancer

• Yesha M. Patel,

  Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, United States of America

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• Sungshim L. Park,

  Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, United States of America

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• Steven G. Carmella,

  Affiliation Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States of America

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• Viviana Paiano,

  Affiliation Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States of America

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• Natalie Olvera,

  Affiliation Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States of America

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• Daniel O. Stram,

  Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, United States of America

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• Christopher A. Haiman,

  Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, United States of America

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• Loic Le Marchand,

  Affiliation Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, United States of America

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• Stephen S. Hecht

  * E-mail: hecht002@umn.edu

  Affiliation Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7228-1356

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