Flapping before Flight: High Resolution, Three-Dimensional Skeletal Kinematics of Wings and Legs during Avian Development

Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Ashley M. Heers ,

* E-mail: ashmheers@gmail.com

Affiliation Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th St., New York, New York 10024, United States of America
⨯
David B. Baier,

Affiliation Department of Biology, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, Rhode Island 02918, United States of America
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Brandon E. Jackson,

Affiliation Biology and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, 201 High St., Farmville, Virginia 23909, United States of America
⨯
Kenneth P. Dial

Affiliation Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States of America
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Bird flight
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Animal flight
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Animal wings
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Birds
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Kinematics
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Legs
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Body limbs
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Biological locomotion
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