Advantages and Limitations of Androgen Receptor-Based Methods for Detecting Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Abuse as Performance Enhancing Drugs

• Kathy Bailey,

  Affiliation Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

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• Tahmineh Yazdi,

  Affiliation Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

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• Umesh Masharani,

  Affiliation Division of Endocrinology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

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• Blake Tyrrell,

  Affiliation Division of Endocrinology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

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• Anthony Butch,

  Affiliation Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

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• Fred Schaufele

  * E-mail: fred.schaufele@ucsf.edu

  Affiliations Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

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