Earth Mover’s Distance (EMD): A True Metric for Comparing Biomarker Expression Levels in Cell Populations

• Darya Y. Orlova ,

  * E-mail: orlova@stanford.edu; dyorlova@gmail.com (DYO); gwalther@stanford.edu (GW)

  Affiliation Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

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• Noah Zimmerman,

  Affiliation Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

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• Stephen Meehan,

  Affiliation Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

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• Connor Meehan,

  Affiliation Department of Mathematics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America

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• Jeffrey Waters,

  Affiliation Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

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• Eliver E. B. Ghosn,

  Affiliation Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

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• Alexander Filatenkov,

  Affiliation Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

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• Gleb A. Kolyagin,

  Affiliation Independent Researcher, Menlo Park, California, United States of America

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• Yael Gernez,

  Affiliations Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Allergy and Immunology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, United States of America

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• Shanel Tsuda,

  Affiliation Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

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• Wayne Moore,

  Affiliation Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

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• Richard B. Moss,

  Affiliation Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

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• Leonore A. Herzenberg,

  Affiliation Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

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• Guenther Walther

  * E-mail: orlova@stanford.edu; dyorlova@gmail.com (DYO); gwalther@stanford.edu (GW)

  Affiliation Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

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