The Role of Nature and Nurture for Individual Differences in Primary Emotional Systems: Evidence from a Twin Study

• Christian Montag ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Christian Montag, Elisabeth Hahn

  * E-mail: christian.Montag@uni-ulm.de

  ¶‡ These authors are shared first authors on this work.

  Affiliation Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany

  ⨯
• Elisabeth Hahn ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Christian Montag, Elisabeth Hahn

  ¶‡ These authors are shared first authors on this work.

  Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken, Germany

  ⨯
• Martin Reuter,

  Affiliations Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany, Center for Economics and Neuroscience, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

  ⨯
• Frank M. Spinath,

  Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken, Germany

  ⨯
• Ken Davis,

  Affiliation Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States of America

  ⨯
• Jaak Panksepp

  Affiliation College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Washington 99164, United States of America

  ⨯