Multi-Drug Resistance Transporters and a Mechanism-Based Strategy for Assessing Risks of Pesticide Combinations to Honey Bees

• Alex J. Guseman,

  Affiliations Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

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• Kaliah Miller,

  Affiliation Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

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• Grace Kunkle,

  Affiliation Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

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• Galen P. Dively,

  Affiliation Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

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• Jeffrey S. Pettis,

  Affiliation Bee Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America

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• Jay D. Evans,

  Affiliation Bee Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America

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• Dennis vanEngelsdorp,

  Affiliation Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

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• David J. Hawthorne

  * E-mail: djh@umd.edu

  Affiliation Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

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