Colony Failure Linked to Low Sperm Viability in Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Queens and an Exploration of Potential Causative Factors

• Jeffery S. Pettis,

  Affiliation Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America

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• Nathan Rice,

  Affiliation Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America

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• Katie Joselow,

  Affiliation Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America

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• Dennis vanEngelsdorp,

  Affiliation Entomology Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America

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• Veeranan Chaimanee

  * E-mail: chveeranan@gmail.com

  Affiliation Department of Biotechnology, Maejo University Phrae Campus, Rong Kwang, Phrae, Thailand

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