Changes in Colonic Bile Acid Composition following Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Are Sufficient to Control Clostridium difficile Germination and Growth

• Alexa R. Weingarden,

  Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America, The BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America

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• Peter I. Dosa,

  Affiliation Department of Medicinal Chemistry—Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

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• Erin DeWinter,

  Affiliation The BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America

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• Clifford J. Steer,

  Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

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• Megan K. Shaughnessy,

  Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System, Division of Infectious Diseases, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

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• James R. Johnson,

  Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System, Division of Infectious Diseases, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

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• Alexander Khoruts ,

  ¶‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

  Affiliations The BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

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• Michael J. Sadowsky

  * E-mail: Sadowsky@umn.edu

  ¶‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

  Affiliations The BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America, Department of Soil, Water & Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America

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