Association of Smoking, Alcohol, and Obesity with Cardiovascular Death and Ischemic Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study and Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS)

• Younghoon Kwon ,

  * E-mail: yk2j@hscmail.mcc.virginia.edu

  Current address: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

  Affiliation Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

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• Faye L. Norby,

  Affiliation Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

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• Paul N. Jensen,

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

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• Sunil K. Agarwal,

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

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• Elsayed Z. Soliman,

  Affiliation Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, and Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

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• Gregory Y. H. Lip,

  Affiliations University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

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• W. T. Longstreth Jr.,

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

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• Alvaro Alonso,

  Affiliation Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

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• Susan R. Heckbert,

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

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• Lin Y. Chen

  Affiliation Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

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