Role of ACE and PAI-1 Polymorphisms in the Development and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy

Saba Saleem; Aisha Azam; Sundus Ijaz Maqsood; Irfan Muslim; Shaheena Bashir; Nosheen Fazal; Moeen Riaz; Syeda Hafiza Benish Ali; Muhammad Khizar Niazi; Mazhar Ishaq; Nadia Khalida Waheed; Raheel Qamar; Maleeha Azam

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144557

Loading metrics

Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Role of ACE and PAI-1 Polymorphisms in the Development and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy

Saba Saleem,

Affiliation Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
⨯
Aisha Azam,

Affiliation Institute of Ophthalmology, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
⨯
Sundus Ijaz Maqsood,

Affiliation Royal College of Ophthalmologists, Mersey Deanery, United Kingdom
⨯
Irfan Muslim,

Affiliation Institute of Ophthalmology, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
⨯
Shaheena Bashir,

Affiliation Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
⨯
Nosheen Fazal,

Affiliation Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
⨯
Moeen Riaz,

Affiliation Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
⨯
Syeda Hafiza Benish Ali,

Affiliation Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
⨯
Muhammad Khizar Niazi,

Affiliations Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
⨯
Mazhar Ishaq,

Affiliations Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
⨯
Nadia Khalida Waheed,

Affiliation Tufts University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
⨯
Raheel Qamar ,

* E-mail: raheelqamar@hotmail.com (RQ); malihazam@gmail.com (MA)

Affiliations Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan, Al-Nafees Medical College and Hospital, Isra University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
⨯
Maleeha Azam

* E-mail: raheelqamar@hotmail.com (RQ); malihazam@gmail.com (MA)

Affiliation Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
⨯

Role of ACE and PAI-1 Polymorphisms in the Development and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy

Saba Saleem,
Aisha Azam,
Sundus Ijaz Maqsood,
Irfan Muslim,
Shaheena Bashir,
Nosheen Fazal,
Moeen Riaz,
Syeda Hafiza Benish Ali,
Muhammad Khizar Niazi,
Mazhar Ishaq

Published: December 14, 2015
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144557

Reader Comments (0)

Post a new comment on this article

Subject Areas
?

For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click here.
We want your feedback. Do these Subject Areas make sense for this article? Click the target next to the incorrect Subject Area and let us know. Thanks for your help!

Variant genotypes
Is the Subject Area "Variant genotypes" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Diabetic retinopathy
Is the Subject Area "Diabetic retinopathy" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Diabetes mellitus
Is the Subject Area "Diabetes mellitus" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Type 2 diabetes
Is the Subject Area "Type 2 diabetes" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Regression analysis
Is the Subject Area "Regression analysis" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Renin-angiotensin system
Is the Subject Area "Renin-angiotensin system" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Retinopathy
Is the Subject Area "Retinopathy" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.
Hemorrhage
Is the Subject Area "Hemorrhage" applicable to this article?

Thanks for your feedback.