The Days and Nights of Zoo Elephants: Using Epidemiology to Better Understand Stereotypic Behavior of African Elephants (Loxodonta africana) and Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) in North American Zoos

• Brian J. Greco ,

  * E-mail: bjgreco@ucdavis.edu

  Affiliations Center for Animal Welfare, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America, Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America, AWARE Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States of America

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• Cheryl L. Meehan,

  Affiliation AWARE Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States of America

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• Jen N. Hogan,

  Affiliation AWARE Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States of America

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• Katherine A. Leighty,

  Affiliation Disney’s Animal Kingdom, Lake Buena Vista, Florida, United States of America

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• Jill Mellen,

  Affiliation Disney’s Animal Kingdom, Lake Buena Vista, Florida, United States of America

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• Georgia J. Mason,

  Affiliation Animal Science Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

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• Joy A. Mench

  Affiliations Center for Animal Welfare, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America, Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America

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