Osteological and Soft-Tissue Evidence for Pneumatization in the Cervical Column of the Ostrich (Struthio camelus) and Observations on the Vertebral Columns of Non-Volant, Semi-Volant and Semi-Aquatic Birds

Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Naomi E. Apostolaki ,

* E-mail: Naomi.Apostolaki@bris.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Emily J. Rayfield,

Affiliation Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Paul M. Barrett

Affiliation Department of Earth Sciences, Division of Vertebrates, Anthropology and Palaeobiology, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
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Vertebrae
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Birds
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Ostriches
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Osteology
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Penguins
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Neck
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Cervical vertebrae
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Spine
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