Estimating Finite Rate of Population Increase for Sharks Based on Vital Parameters

• Kwang-Ming Liu ,

  * E-mail: kmliu@mail.ntou.edu.tw

  Affiliations Institute of Marine Affairs and Resource Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan, George Chen Shark Research Center, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan, Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan

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• Chien-Pang Chin,

  Affiliations Institute of Oceanography, Nation Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, 199, Heyi Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan

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• Chun-Hui Chen,

  Affiliation Institute of Marine Affairs and Resource Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan

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• Jui-Han Chang

  Affiliation School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States of America

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