Metformin Reduces Desmoplasia in Pancreatic Cancer by Reprogramming Stellate Cells and Tumor-Associated Macrophages

• Joao Incio ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Joao Incio, Priya Suboj

  ¶‡ These authors are co-first authors on this work.

  Affiliations Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital S. Joao, Porto, Portugal, I3S, Institute for Innovation and Research in Heath, Metabolism, Nutrition and Endocrinology group, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, Porto, Portugal

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• Priya Suboj ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Joao Incio, Priya Suboj

  ¶‡ These authors are co-first authors on this work.

  Affiliations Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Botany and Biotechnology, St. Xaviers College, Thumba, Trivandrum, Kerala, India

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• Shan M. Chin,

  Affiliation Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

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• Trupti Vardam-Kaur,

  Current address: Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America

  Affiliation Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

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• Hao Liu,

  Affiliations Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Program of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

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• Tai Hato,

  Affiliations Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

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• Suboj Babykutty,

  Affiliations Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Zoology, Mar Ivanios College, Nalanchira, Trivandrum, Kerala, India

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• Ivy Chen,

  Affiliations Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

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• Vikram Deshpande,

  Affiliation Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

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• Rakesh K. Jain ,

  * E-mail: jain@steele.mgh.harvard.edu (RKJ); dai@steele.mgh.harvard.edu (DF)

  Affiliation Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

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• Dai Fukumura

  * E-mail: jain@steele.mgh.harvard.edu (RKJ); dai@steele.mgh.harvard.edu (DF)

  Affiliation Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

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