Deterministic Factors Overwhelm Stochastic Environmental Fluctuations as Drivers of Jellyfish Outbreaks

• Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi ,

  * E-mail: lisandro.benedetti.cecchi@unipi.it

  Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Derna 1, Pisa, Italy

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• Antonio Canepa,

  Affiliation Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ICM-CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37–49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain

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• Veronica Fuentes,

  Affiliation Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ICM-CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37–49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain

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• Laura Tamburello,

  Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Derna 1, Pisa, Italy

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• Jennifer E. Purcell,

  Affiliations Università del Salento, CoNISMa via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, LE, Italy, Western Washington University, Shannon Point Marine Center, Anacortes, Washington 98221, United States of America

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• Stefano Piraino,

  Affiliation Università del Salento, CoNISMa via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, LE, Italy

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• Jason Roberts,

  Affiliation Marine Geospatial Ecology Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

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• Ferdinando Boero,

  Affiliations Università del Salento, CoNISMa via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, LE, Italy, CNR-ISMAR, Genova, Italy

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• Patrick Halpin

  Affiliation Marine Geospatial Ecology Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

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