Cross-Resistance between Cry1 Proteins in Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) May Affect the Durability of Current Pyramided Bt Maize Hybrids in Brazil

• Daniel Bernardi,

  Affiliation Department of Entomology and Acarology, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil

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• Eloisa Salmeron,

  Affiliation Department of Entomology and Acarology, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil

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• Renato Jun Horikoshi,

  Affiliation Department of Entomology and Acarology, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil

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• Oderlei Bernardi,

  Affiliation Department of Entomology and Acarology, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil

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• Patrick Marques Dourado,

  Affiliation Monsanto do Brasil Ltda, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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• Renato Assis Carvalho,

  Affiliation Monsanto do Brasil Ltda, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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• Samuel Martinelli,

  Affiliation Monsanto LLC, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America

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• Graham P. Head,

  Affiliation Monsanto LLC, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America

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• Celso Omoto

  * E-mail: celso.omoto@usp.br

  Affiliation Department of Entomology and Acarology, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil

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