Frequency and Distribution of Refractive Error in Adult Life: Methodology and Findings of the UK Biobank Study

• Phillippa M. Cumberland ,

  * E-mail: p.cumberland@ucl.ac.uk

  Affiliations Life Course Epidemiology and Biostatistics Section, University College London (UCL) Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom, Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom

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• Yanchun Bao,

  Affiliations Life Course Epidemiology and Biostatistics Section, University College London (UCL) Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom, Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom

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• Pirro G. Hysi,

  Affiliation Department of Ophthalmology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom

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• Paul J. Foster,

  Affiliation National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom

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• Christopher J. Hammond,

  Affiliations Department of Ophthalmology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom, Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom

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• Jugnoo S. Rahi,

  Affiliations Life Course Epidemiology and Biostatistics Section, University College London (UCL) Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom, Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

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• UK Biobank Eyes & Vision Consortium

  ¶Membership of the UK Biobank Eyes & Vision Consortium is provided in the Acknowledgments.

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