Using Poaching Levels and Elephant Distribution to Assess the Conservation Efficacy of Private, Communal and Government Land in Northern Kenya

• Festus W. Ihwagi ,

  * E-mail: f.w.ihwagi@utwente.nl

  Affiliations Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands, Save the Elephants, P.O. Box 54667–00200, Nairobi, Kenya

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• Tiejun Wang,

  Affiliation Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands

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• George Wittemyer,

  Affiliations Save the Elephants, P.O. Box 54667–00200, Nairobi, Kenya, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado, 80523–1474, United States of America

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• Andrew K. Skidmore,

  Affiliation Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands

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• Albertus G. Toxopeus,

  Affiliation Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands

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• Shadrack Ngene,

  Affiliation Kenya Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 40241–00100, Nairobi, Kenya

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• Juliet King,

  Affiliation Northern Rangelands Trust, Private Bag—60300, Isiolo, Kenya

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• Jeffrey Worden,

  Affiliation Northern Rangelands Trust, Private Bag—60300, Isiolo, Kenya

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• Patrick Omondi,

  Affiliation Kenya Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 40241–00100, Nairobi, Kenya

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• Iain Douglas-Hamilton

  Affiliation Save the Elephants, P.O. Box 54667–00200, Nairobi, Kenya

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